Remarkable Strontium B-Site Occupancy in Ferroelectric Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 Solid Solutions Doped With Cryolite-Type Strontium Niobate

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02027.x

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Wiley InterScience

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Volume 90 Issue 12, Pages 3959 - 3967

Published Online: 19 Oct 2007

Published on behalf of the American Ceramic Society (ACerS)

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Remarkable Strontium B-Site Occupancy in Ferroelectric Pb(Zr_1−xTi_x)O₃ Solid Solutions Doped With Cryolite-Type Strontium Niobate

Adalbert Feltz ¹ , Patrick Schmidt-Winkel ¹ ^† , Michael Schossmann ¹ , Corwin H. Booth ² and Jörg H. Albering ³

¹ EPCOS OHG, Ceramic Components Division, Corporate Research & Development, 8530 Deutschlandsberg, Austria
² Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
³ Institute for Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Technical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria

^†Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: patrick.schmidt-winkel@epcos.com

S. Bose—contributing editor

ABSTRACT

New high-performance ferroelectric solid solutions based on Pb(Zr_1−xTi_x)O₃ (PZT), which are doped with cryolite-type strontium niobate (SNO, Sr₄(Sr_2−2y/3Nb_2+2y/3)O_11+yV_O;1−y with 0≤y≤1) and hence denoted PZT:SNO, and their microscopic structure and defect chemistry are described. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) analyses of PZT:SNO samples revealed that ∼10% of Sr²⁺ occupy the nominal B-sites of the perovskite-type PZT host lattice. This result is supported by EXAFS analyses of both a canonical SrTiO₃ perovskite and two SNO model and reference compounds. Fit models that do not account for Sr²⁺ on B-sites are ruled out. A clear Sr–Pb peak in Fourier-transformed EXAFS data visually confirms this structural model. The generation of temporary oxygen vacancies and the intricate defect chemistry induced by SNO-doping of PZT are crucial for the exceptional material properties of PZT:SNO. As a result, ferroelectric PZT:SNO solid solutions are very attractive for use in new and innovative piezoelectric actuator and transducer applications.