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Wiley InterScience | |||||||||||||||||||
  Bipolar DisordersVolume 9 Issue 8, Pages 907 - 912 Published Online: 7 Dec 2007 Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S The Official Journal of The International Society for Bipolar Disorders
Abstract | References | Full Text: HTML, PDF (Size: 124K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking  Brief Report Phenomenology of mixed states: a principal component analysis study The authors of this paper do not have any commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with this manuscript. Copyright 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard KEYWORDS bipolar disorders • depression • dysphoria • mania • mixed states Bertschy G, Gervasoni N, Favre S, Liberek C, Ragama-Pardos E, Aubry J-M, Gex-Fabry M, Dayer A. Phenomenology of mixed states: a principal component analysis study. Bipolar Disord 2007: 9: 907–912. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2007 ABSTRACTObjectives: To contribute to the definition of external and internal limits of mixed states and study the place of dysphoric symptoms in the psychopathology of mixed states. Methods: One hundred and sixty-five inpatients with major mood episodes were diagnosed as presenting with either pure depression, mixed depression (depression plus at least three manic symptoms), full mixed state (full depression and full mania), mixed mania (mania plus at least three depressive symptoms) or pure mania, using an adapted version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM-IV version). They were evaluated using a 33-item inventory of depressive, manic and mixed affective signs and symptoms. Results: Principal component analysis without rotation yielded three components that together explained 43.6% of the variance. The first component (24.3% of the variance) contrasted typical depressive symptoms with typical euphoric, manic symptoms. The second component, labeled 'dysphoria', (13.8%) had strong positive loadings for irritability, distressing sensitivity to light and noise, impulsivity and inner tension. The third component (5.5%) included symptoms of insomnia. Median scores for the first component significantly decreased from the pure depression group to the pure mania group. For the dysphoria component, scores were highest among patients with full mixed states and decreased towards both patients with pure depression and those with pure mania. Conclusions: Principal component analysis revealed that dysphoria represents an important dimension of mixed states. Received 10 April 2006, revised and accepted for publication 31 October 2006 | 
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 | Personality and Mental Health |
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