Improved performance of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, larvae after ozone disinfection of the eggs

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01641.x

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Wiley InterScience

Aquaculture Research

Volume 38 Issue 2, Pages 166 - 173

Published Online: 16 Jan 2007

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Improved performance of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, larvae after ozone disinfection of the eggs

Isashar Ben-Atia ¹ , Sigal Lutzky ¹ , Yoav Barr ¹ , Kutsal Gamsiz ¹ , Yariv Shtupler ¹ , Amos Tandler ¹ & William Koven ¹

¹ Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, Israel

Correspondence: W Koven, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, PO Box 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel. E-mail: Koven@ocean.org.il

KEYWORDS

ozone • egg disinfection • vertical transmission • fish larvae • marine fish eggs • chorion

Abstract

Ozone (O₃) dissolved in seawater (ODS) was evaluated, as an egg disinfectant, on the spawn of captive gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, brood stock. Four contact times (CT) were tested (0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 mg min L⁻¹) where CT was calculated by multiplying the dissolved O₃ concentration (0.3 mg L⁻¹) by different exposure periods (2, 4, 8, 16 min). There was also a disinfected seawater treatment that contained no O₃ or derived compounds (CT 0) and an untreated seawater control. All ODS treatments reduced egg surface bacterial counts to zero, which was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the CT 0 and the control groups (194 and 1320 plate⁻¹ respectively). Nevertheless, the hatching rate was high in the control and the CT treatments 0, 0.6 and 1.2 (88.7%, 87.3%, 89.5% and 83.7% respectively) while eggs exposed to a CT 2.4 and 4.8 hatched poorly (36.5% and 20.4% respectively), which was likely due, at least in part, to larvae unable to break the egg chorion successfully. Swim-bladder inflation was significantly higher in the ODS groups (>97%) compared with the control and CT 0 treatments (ca. 70%). The results suggest that a 2-min exposure of eggs to 0.3 mg O₃ L⁻¹ of ODS (CT 0.6) would improve current protocols in marine larviculture.