Application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis

doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00079.x

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Wiley InterScience

FEMS Yeast Research

Volume 6 Issue 4, Pages 558 - 566

Special Issue: Cryptococcus the once-sleeping giant is fully awake

Published Online: 26 Apr 2006

Published on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies

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MINIREVIEW

Application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis

Tania C. Sorrell ^1,2 , Lesley C. Wright ^1,2 , Richard Malik ³ & Uwe Himmelreich ^1,4

¹ Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead, NSW, Australia; ² Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Infections and Bioethics in Haematological Malignancies, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; ³ Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science, University of Sydney; and ⁴ Institute for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia

Correspondence: Tania Sorrell, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Rm 3114 ICPMR Bldg, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 9845 6012; fax: +61 2 9891 5317; e-mail: tanias@icpmr.wsahs.nsw.gov.au

Present address: Uwe Himmelreich, Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany.

Editor: Stuart Levitz

KEYWORDS

Cryptococcus • cryptococcosis • nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy • diagnostics • species identification • virulence determinants

ABSTRACT

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that identifies chemicals in solution and in living cells. It has been used in cryptococcal research to identify the primary structure of capsular glucuronoxylomannans, link cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) genes to positioning of residues on the mannose backbone of glucuronoxylomannan, and verify that the cryptococcal virulence determinant, phospholipase B, is elaborated in vivo. Promising clinical applications include speciation (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii), with preliminary evidence that varieties neoformans and grubii can also be distinguished, non-invasive diagnosis of cerebral cryptococcomas, and, in cases of meningitis, monitoring therapeutic response by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

Received 9 October 2005; revised 7 January 2006; accepted 8 January 2006.
First published online May 2006.

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)

10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00079.x About DOI