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Wiley InterScience | |||||||
  Journal of the American Geriatrics SocietyVolume 53 Issue 12, Pages 2090 - 2097 Published Online: 6 Oct 2005 Journal compilation 2010 The American Geriatrics Society/Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract | References | Full Text: HTML, PDF (Size: 100K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking  Resistance Exercise Dosage in Older Adults: Single- Versus Multiset Effects on Physical Performance and Body Composition Copyright © 2005 by the American Geriatrics Society KEYWORDS resistance exercise • strength • endurance • physical performance ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine whether variation in resistance exercise volume affects muscle function and physical performance response in older adults. Design: A randomized trial with subjects assigned to a single-set (1-SET) or three-set (3-SET) exercise group. Setting: An exercise facility at the University of Queensland. Participants: Twenty-eight community-dwelling men and women aged 65 to 78. Intervention: Progressive resistance training consisting of seven exercises targeting the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body performed on exercise machines twice weekly for 20 weeks at eight-repetition maximum (RM) intensity. Measurements: Muscle function included isotonic muscle strength (1-RM) of the seven exercises, isokinetic and isometric knee extensor strength, and muscle endurance for the chest press and leg press exercises. Physical performance included timed chair rise, usual and fast 6-m walk, 6-m backwards walk, 400-m walk, floor rise to standing, and stair climbing ability. In addition, body composition was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Isotonic muscle strength increased in both exercise groups for all seven exercises (P<.01), with the gain in the 3-SET group greater (P<.05) for the seated row, triceps extension, and knee extension (analysis of covariance). Similarly, muscle endurance gains were greater for the 3-SET than the 1-SET group (P<.01), with no significant difference between groups for isokinetic and isometric knee extensor strength. Both groups improved (P<.05) in the chair rise (1-SET, 10.1%; 3-SET, 13.6%), 6-m backwards walk (1-SET, 14.3%; 3-SET, 14.8%), 400-m walk (1-SET, 3.8%; 3-SET, 7.4%), and stair climbing test (1-SET, 7.7%; 3-SET, 6.4%), with the only difference between groups for the 400-m walk (P<.05). There was no difference between groups for change in body composition. Conclusion: Resistance training consisting of only single-set exercises is sufficient to significantly enhance muscle function and physical performance, although muscle strength and endurance gains are greater with higher-volume work. These findings have application in designing time-efficient exercise regimens to enhance neuromuscular function in older adults. | 
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