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Wiley InterScience | ||||
  AddictionVolume 101 Issue 1, Pages 100 - 108 Published Online: 21 Nov 2005 Journal compilation © 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction Published on behalf of the Society for the Study of Addiction
Abstract | References | Full Text: HTML, PDF (Size: 104K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking  RESEARCH REPORT The role of alcohol and drugs in triggering criminal violence: a case-crossover study* Copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction KEYWORDS Alcohol • case-crossover • drugs • mental disorders • risk factors • substances • triggers • violence ABSTRACTAims To investigate the triggering effects of alcohol, illegal substances and major classes of prescribed psychotropic drugs on criminal violence. Design A case-crossover design, using each subject as its own control. Setting and participants A consecutive sample of 133 violent offenders was recruited from a forensic psychiatric evaluation unit and a national prison evaluation unit in Sweden during 2002–03. Measurements Offenders were assessed with structured interviews. Risk estimates were based on hazard periods of 24 hours. We used standard Mantel–Haenszel methods for statistical analyses. Findings A 13.2-fold increase of risk of violence [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.2–21.2] was found within 24 hours of alcohol consumption. This increase in violence risk was similar among individuals combining alcohol with benzodiazepines [Relative risk (RR) = 13.2, 95% CI: 4.9–35.3]. Use of benzodiazepines alone in regular doses (RR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.5) or antidepressants [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclics] (RR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) was associated with a lowered risk for violence. Conclusions This study confirmed that alcohol is a strong trigger of criminal violence. Benzodiazepines in combination with alcohol caused no further increase of violence risk. Benzodiazepines in regular doses and antidepressants may inhibit violence, but further studies are needed to verify causality. The case-crossover method can contribute to research on the proximal causes of criminal violence. Submitted 29 November 2004; initial review completed 21 February 2005; final version accepted 13 July 2005 | 
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