The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection

doi:10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00727.x

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Wiley InterScience

Parasite Immunology

Volume 26 Issue 11-12, Pages 443 - 454

Published Online: 15 Mar 2005

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Review Article

The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection

R. J. Quinnell ¹ , J. Bethony ^2,3 & D. I. Pritchard ⁴

¹ School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, ² Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, ³ Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA and ⁴ School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

Correspondence to R. J. Quinnell, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (e-mail: r.j.quinnell@leeds.ac.uk).

KEYWORDS

Necator americanus • Ancylostoma duodenale • immunology • epidemiology

SUMMARY

IMMUNE RESPONSES TO HUMAN HOOKWORM INFECTION

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY

Advances in hookworm immunoepidemiology are reviewed. Recent studies demonstrate a mixed Th1/Th2 response in human hookworm infection, with immunosuppression of specific and nonspecific IFN-γ responses. There is increasing evidence for protective immunity in human hookworm infection, including anti-larval IL-5- and IgE-dependent mechanisms, and for immunological interactions between hookworm infection and other diseases.

Received: 15 October 2004 Accepted for publication: 25 January 2005

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)

10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00727.x About DOI