If you are seeing this message, you may be experiencing temporary network problems. Please wait a few minutes and refresh the page. If the problem persists, you may wish to report it to your local Network Manager.
It is also possible that your web browser is not configured or not able to display style sheets. In this case, although the visual presentation will be degraded, the site should continue to be functional. We recommend using the latest version of Microsoft or Mozilla web browser to help minimise these problems.
Wiley InterScience | ||
  Journal of General Internal MedicineVolume 19 Issue 6, Pages 684 - 691 Published Online: 9 Jun 2004 © 2006 by the Society of General Internal Medicine. All rights reserved
Abstract | References | Full Text: HTML, PDF (Size: 140K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking  Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor-induced Cough Received from the Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care (TM, TKG, JMF, ACS, JWS, EFC, DWB), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard School of Public Health (TM, EFC, DWB), Boston, Mass; Department of Clinical Epidemiology (TM, TF), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; and Harvard Medical School (TKG, DWB), Boston, Mass. Presented in part at the 26th annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, May 2003, Vancouver, British Columbia. Copyright © 2004 by the Society of General Internal Medicine KEYWORDS adverse drug events • angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors • cough • clinical prediction rule J GEN INTERN MED 2004;19:684–691. ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are effective for many cardiovascular diseases and are widely prescribed, but cough sometimes necessitates their withdrawal. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a model that predicts, by using information available at first prescription, whether a patient will develop cough within 6 months. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with derivation and validation sets. SETTING: Outpatient clinics affiliated with an urban tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: Clinical data were collected from electronic charts. The derivation set included 1,125 patients and the validation set included 567 patients. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough assessed by predetermined criteria. RESULTS: In the total cohort, 12% of patients developed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough. Independent multivariate predictors of cough were older age, female gender, non-African American (with East Asian having highest risk), no history of previous angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and history of cough due to another angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Patients with a history of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough were 29 times more likely to develop a cough than those without this history. These factors were used to develop a model stratifying patients into 4 risk groups. In the derivation set, low-risk, average-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups had a 6%, 9%, 22%, and 55% probability of cough, respectively. In the validation set, 4%, 14%, 20%, and 60% of patients in these 4 groups developed cough, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This model may help clinicians predict the likelihood of a particular patient developing cough from an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor at the time of prescribing, and may also assist with subsequent clinical decisions. |  |
