Influences on the transport and establishment of exotic bird species: an analysis of the parrots (Psittaciformes) of the world

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00748.x

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Wiley InterScience

Global Change Biology

Volume 10 Issue 4, Pages 417 - 426

Published Online: 26 Feb 2004

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Influences on the transport and establishment of exotic bird species: an analysis of the parrots (Psittaciformes) of the world

Phillip Cassey ^* , Tim M. Blackburn†, Gareth J. Russell‡, Kate E. Jones§ ¹ and Julie L. Lockwood¶ ²

^* Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Paris, France, †School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK, ‡Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, Columbia University, New York, USA, §Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA, ¶Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA

Correspondence: Tim M. Blackburn, tel. +44 121 414 5893, fax +44 121 414 5925., e-mail: t.blackburn@bham.ac.uk

¹Present address: Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, Columbia University, New York, USA.

²Present address: Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

KEYWORDS

aliens • exotics • introduction • invasion • parrots • transport

Abstract

Most studies of exotic species invasions only consider the factors that affect the establishment of populations following release, yet this is only one step on the invasion pathway. Different factors are likely to influence which species are transported and released. Here, we examine the influence of species traits on the successful transition of species through several stages in the introduction pathway (transport, release, and establishment), using parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) as a model system. We use a species-level supertree of parrots to test for phylogenetic auto-correlation in the introduction process. Our analyses find that different sets of variables are related to the probability that a species enters each stage on the invasion pathway. The availability of individuals for transport and release seems to be most important for passage through these stages, but has no obvious effect on establishment following release. Rather, establishment success is higher for sedentary species, and species with broad diets.

Received 6 May 2003; revised version received 17 November 2003 and accepted 24 November 2003

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)

10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00748.x About DOI