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Wiley InterScience | ||||||||||||||
  Journal of NeurochemistryVolume 74 Issue 6, Pages 2278 - 2287 Published Online: 22 Aug 2003 Journal compilation © 2010 International Society for Neurochemistry Published for the International Society for Neurochemistry
Abstract | References | Full Text: HTML, PDF (Size: 315K) | Related Articles | Citation Tracking  4-Hydroxynonenal Induces Oxidative Stress and Death of Cultured Spinal Cord Neurons Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., Philadelphia Abbreviations used: DCF, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein; DCFH-DA, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate; HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; MEM, minimum essential medium; MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; 7-NI, 7-nitroindazole; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. Copyright International Society for Neurochemistry KEYWORDS Arachidonic acid • Lipid peroxidation • Oxidative stress • Spinal cord trauma •
N-Acetylcysteine • Ebselen ABSTRACTAbstract: Primary spinal cord trauma can trigger a cascade of secondary processes leading to delayed and amplified injury to spinal cord neurons. Release of fatty acids, in particular arachidonic acid, from cell membranes is believed to contribute significantly to these events. Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced injury to spinal cord neurons may include lipid peroxidation. One of the major biologically active products of arachidonic acid peroxidation is 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). The levels of HNE-protein conjugates in cultured spinal cord neurons increased in a dose-dependent manner after a 24-h exposure to arachidonic acid. To study cellular effects of HNE, spinal cord neurons were treated with different doses of HNE, and cellular oxidative stress, intracellular calcium, and cell viability were determined. A 3-h exposure to 10 μM HNE caused ∼80% increase in oxidative stress and 30% elevation of intracellular calcium. Exposure of spinal cord neurons to HNE caused a dramatic loss of cellular viability, indicated by a dose-dependent decrease in MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] conversion. The cytotoxic effect of HNE was diminished by pretreating neurons with ebselen or N-acetylcysteine. These data support the hypothesis that formation of HNE may be responsible, at least in part, for the cytotoxic effects of membrane-released arachidonic acid to spinal cord neurons.
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