1.
To be preserved, an organism must be in an environment where:
A.
it is protected from oxidation and chemical decay
B.
it is rapidly buried by sediment
C.
it is protected from bacterial decay and scavengers
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above
2.
Many marine shells are composed of aragonite, a relatively unstable form of calcium carbonate, which in time will do what?
A.
be replaced by pyrite
B.
change to apatite
C.
change to calcite
D.
change into a thin film of carbon
E.
remain unaltered
3.
Organisms which lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles are called:
A.
protista
B.
protoctistans
C.
eukaryotes
D.
prokaryotes
E.
chordates
4.
The oldest direct indications of ancient life are the remains of cyanobacteria discovered in rocks of approximately this age:
A.
1 billion years
B.
350 million years
C.
3.5 million years
D.
3.5 billion years
E.
0.7 billion years
5.
Place in correct order:
A.
kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
B.
kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species
C.
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
D.
kingdom, order, phylum, class, family, genus, species
E.
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, species, genus
6.
The domain that is found under extreme conditions (such as the heat-loving microbes that populate the hydrothermal vent system on the sea floor) is called:
A.
Prokaryota
B.
Archaea
C.
Eubacteria
D.
Cyanobacteria
E.
Eukaryota
7.
Darwin proposed this as an important mechanism for evolution:
A.
inheritance of heriditary factors
B.
natural selection
C.
genetic recombination
D.
allopatric speciation
E.
DNA
8.
Gould and Eldridge proposed this term for evolution that consists of sudden advances that punctuate long episodes of little evolutionary progress:
A.
adaptive radiation
B.
gradual evolution
C.
punctuated equilibrium
D.
convergent evolution
E.
phyletic gradualism
9.
Vertebrate forelimbs serve different functions (flippers for swimming, legs for running, hands, etc.), but all have similar bone construction. This similarity of structures in superficially dissimilar organisms is termed:
A.
homologous
B.
analogous
C.
mutations
D.
allopatric speciation
E.
vestigial organs
10.
Animal-like plankton are called:
A.
coccoliths
B.
phytoplankton
C.
zooplankton
D.
nekton
E.
benthic
11.
A benthic marine animal which burrows beneath the sediment surface is referred to as:
A.
infaunal
B.
parasitic
C.
epifaunal
D.
nested
E.
colonial
12.
The zone between the high and low tide lines is called:
A.
hadal
B.
littoral
C.
pelagic
D.
neritic
E.
bathyal
13.
The zone in which temperature of ocean water changes rapidly with depth is called:
A.
brackish
B.
abyssal
C.
photic zone
D.
carbonate compensation depth
E.
thermocline
14.
The interval between the first and last occurrence of a fossil species in the geologic record is its:
A.
geologic range
B.
phylogeny
C.
clade
D.
gene pool
E.
lifespan
15.
The carbonate compensation depth influences the character of organic deep sea sedimentary deposits. Which type of sediment accumulates in colder, deeper oceanic zones where other sediments are lacking?
A.
calcareous ooze
B.
siliceous ooze
C.
debris broken from coral reefs
D.
quartz sand
E.
plant material
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